Francisco Altamirano - San José, Costa Rica
Controversy exists with regard to as much as the science could advance if the restriction of the use of the cells mothers was liberated. Maybe we could have therapies for the type diabetes I, the advanced Parkinson and other illnesses.
However, the obtaining of cells mothers is associated to the death of human embryos, for that that ethically is unacceptable.
"The president´s council in bioethics" it proposed, in the year 2004, four forms of generating embryonic cells mother without destruction of embryos: the obtaining of cells from dead embryos, the extraction of cells mothers from a blastómero, the obtaining from models genetically altered and that of differentiation of somatic cells.In an I articulate of Nature, published by Chung and collaborators in October of this year, the isolation of embryonic cells mother of mouse was reported, starting from an embryo in stage of 8 cells
This procedure consisted on to isolate one of the blastómeros and to allow to the 7 remaining cells to usually be developed. It was obtained as a result that the altered embryos maintained their development capacity
Another report in Nature during the same month, elaborated by Alexander Meissner & Rudolf Jaenisch, proposes a strategy where the nucleus of a somatic cell is manipulated genetically to silence the gene Cdx2 (necessary for the development of the trofoblasto and the later installation of the fetus), then this it is transferred to the oocito which is fecundated. This allows to obtain the embryonic cells from a group of cells that you/they cannot be developed embryonically.
However, these methods seem even impracticable because they interfere directly in the formation or development of the embryo, for what more ingenious methods should be developed that you/they allow to obtain cells embryonic mothers, in a way ethically acceptable.
An example of this constitutes it a work published in the magazine Science in August of this year where somatic cells were fused with embryonic cells mother, being a reprogramación to the embryonic state of the genoma of the somatic cell. These studies would allow in a future to understand the molecular mechanisms that carry out such a reprogramación to look for forms of obtaining cells totipotenciales starting from somatic cells. francisco.altamirano@bioquimica.clAdditional readings: The president's council in bioethics
Chung, Y., I. Klimanskaya, et to the one. (2005). "Embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell lines derived from sails mouse blastomeres." Nature. Online publication 16 october 2005.
Meissner, A. and R. Jaenisch (2005). "Generation of nuclear transfer-derived pluripotent is cells from cloned Cdx2-deficient blastocysts." Nature. Online publication 16 october 2005.
Cowan, C. A., J. Atienza, et to the one. (2005). "nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after coalition with human embryonic stem cells." Science 309(5739): 1369-73.
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