AUGUSTO GÓMEZ SERRANO - SANTAFÉ DE BOGOTÁ (Colombia)
The word aqueduct derives of the Latin word that means conduction of water. Toward the year 700 B.C., Senaquerib, king from Assyria of 704 at 681 B.C., I order to build an aqueduct that supplied of water their capital, Ninive.
For the same time, Ezequías, king of Judá between 715 and 686 B.C., approximately, eidficó in turn an aqueduct that takes the water to Jerusalem. But the system of more extensive transport of water of the antiquity was maybe the built one for the Romans.
The first one that they built, Aqua Apia, era an underground aqueduct of 16 km of longitude. It was erected during the command of Celery Claudio (call the Blind man), reason why he called himself later on Via Apia, toward year 310 B.C.
The first Roman aqueduct that transported the water on the surface of the floor was the Aqua Marcia, in Rome; he had a longitude of 90 km and it was built by the pretor Marcio in the year 144 B.C. The section of this aqueduct, supported by bridges, measured about 16 kms. Ten aqueducts gave water to the old city of Rome, about 140.000 m3 of water a day.
At the present time they are portions of them that are still in operation, and they provide water to the sources of Rome.
The old ones Roman they also built aqueducts in other places of their empire, many of which still stay in good state: the aqueduct on the channel of France; that of Segovia in Spain and that of Éfeso in Turkey.
Starting from the XIX century the population's increase in the urban areas forced to carry out big conduction works and treatment of the waters. You began to use the facilities of conduction of siphon based on the employment of different pressures. The modern aqueducts have modified their structure and they are integrated by big iron pipes, steel or cement.
Their function is to give water to big dry areas (California) and to distribute it in wide areas of irrigable (France).
In more recent times extensive aqueducts have been built in Europe. The aqueduct that transports water to Glasgow measures 56 km; that of Marseilles, finished in 1847, 97 km; that of Manchester has 154 km of longitude; that of Liverpool measures 109 km; and the second aqueduct Kaiser Franz Joseph, in Vienna measures 232 kilometers.
In USA complex systems of aqueducts have been built to transport water to the cities like Boston, Baltimore, Washington, St. Louis, New York and The Ángel. The system of aqueducts that gives water to the city of New York has more than 322 km of longitude; most is underground.
The main aqueducts under the city of New York are from 60 to 180 meters below the level of the sea. The aqueduct Delaware transports 3 million m3 of water daily from the Mounts Catskill to New York; their longitude, 137 km, it transforms it into the tunnel of longer continuous transport of the world.
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